Rolling Stock Cyber Security: Securing Trains for the Digital Age

Ever since the introduction of computers and the internet, cybercriminals have become more creative and sophisticated in their attacks. Cyber security risks are no longer limited to personal computers and mobile devices. It has extended its reach to industrial control systems, smart cities, and even public transportation.

With the rapid advancement of technology, trains have become more connected and digitized. This has greatly improved the efficiency and effectiveness of railway operations, but it also poses a significant threat to their security.

In this blog post, we will discuss the importance of rolling stock cyber security, its impact on the railway industry, and how they can protect their assets from cyber attacks. This post is intended for CISO, CEO, CTO, and Engineering Directors who are responsible for the safety and security of their passengers and assets.

Understanding Cyber Security Risks

Trains have become more digitalised and connected than ever before. From operation control to passenger amenities, trains rely heavily on technology. This gives rise to the potential for cyber attacks from hackers, terrorists, and even insiders. Cyber attacks on trains can lead to severe consequences, including derailments, collisions, service disruptions, and even harm to human life. It can also result in financial losses and damage to the company’s reputation.

As a result, it is imperative to identify the potential risks to train cyber security. Some of the most common cyber security risks that train companies face are:

• Ransomware and malware attacks
• Phishing scams
• Unauthorized file access
• Identity theft and fraud
• Denial of service (DoS) attacks
• Insider threats
• Mitigating the Risks

Addressing these risks requires a multifaceted approach that encompasses various security practices and measures.

Incorporating Cyber security into the Design: Rolling stock cyber security should not be an afterthought. It should be incorporated from the initial stages of designing the rolling stock and the network infrastructure. The software and hardware components should be designed with robust security mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access and attacks.

Regular Security Assessments and Updates: Like any other digital system, the software and systems used in running trains need to be regularly audited and updated. This can help in identifying any potential vulnerabilities that could be exploited by cybercriminals.

Education and Training: Many cyber threats can be mitigated by adequately training the employees. They should be aware of the common tactics used by cybercriminals, such as phishing scams, and be trained to react appropriately.

Incident Response Plan: In the unfortunate event that a cyber attack does occur, having a well-prepared incident response plan can minimize the damage. The plan should outline the steps to be taken immediately after the attack and how to restore the systems to normal operation.

Cooperation with Cyber security Vendors and Agencies: Train companies should work closely with cyber security vendors and agencies. These organizations can provide them with the necessary tools and expertise to secure their systems.

While it may not be possible to eliminate all cyber security risks, following these steps can significantly reduce them and ensure the safety of the passengers and the assets.

Cyber Security Regulatory Standards & Frameworks

Train cyber security is not only a matter of safety and security but also regulatory compliance. Governments and regulatory agencies around the world have begun the process of introducing various regulations and standards to ensure trains are secure from cyberthreats. For instance, ISA/IEC 62443, BS EN 50159:2010 +A1:2020 & industry best practice set by ENISA.

Train companies must ensure they comply with these emerging regulations and standards to operate legally and maintain their reputation. Compliance with these requirements can be achieved by implementing cyber security frameworks such as the NIST Cyber security Framework, BS EN 50159:2010 and ISO 27001. These frameworks provide a set of guidelines and best practices for securing the networks, systems, and data involved in train operations.

Good Practices in Cyber Security Risk Management

In line with the guidelines provided by the European Union Agency for Cyber security (ENISA), there are several good practices that can be adopted to manage cyber risk in the railway sector:

1. Risk Management Governance: Establishing a comprehensive risk governance model is crucial. This should involve defining roles and responsibilities for risk management and integrating cyber risk management into the overall business risk management framework.
2. Risk Assessment & Treatment: Conducting regular risk assessments is recommended to identify and evaluate potential vulnerabilities and threats. Once assessed, risks should be treated accordingly, either by avoiding, accepting, transferring, or mitigating the risk.
3. Awareness & Training: Continuous awareness programs and training aimed at all levels of the organization can significantly enhance the overall security posture. This ensures that every individual understands their role in maintaining cyber security.
4. Incident Management: A robust incident management process should be put in place, including incident detection, response, recovery, and learning. This helps to mitigate potential damage and recover quickly from any incidents.
5. Cyber security Requirements in Suppliers Relationships: Security requirements should be clearly defined and included in contracts with suppliers. They should be held accountable for maintaining the agreed-upon security standards.

Implementing these practices, along with adherence to regulatory frameworks, can go a long way in enhancing rolling stock cyber security, thereby safeguarding both assets and passenger safety. Train companies must continue to invest in securing their systems and keeping up with the ever-evolving cyberthreat landscape. Only by doing so can they ensure a safe and secure journey for all passengers. So, it is crucial to remain vigilant and updated on the latest cyber security practices in the railway sector. This will help mitigate potential risks and ensure smooth operations.

The Role of Technology

Lastly, technology plays a critical role in ensuring the safety and security of trains. Train companies need to invest in the latest cyber security tools to protect their systems and networks. Some of the technologies that can be used to improve train cyber security include:

• Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS): IDS monitor network traffic for suspicious activities and known threats, sending alerts when such activities are detected. These systems are crucial for identifying potential cyber attacks on rolling stock in real time, enabling swift response.
• Security Information and Event Management (SIEM): SIEM collects and aggregates log data generated across the network, including rolling stock, into a centralized platform. It provides real-time analysis of security alerts generated by network hardware and applications, enhancing the ability to quickly identify and respond to security incidents.
• Network Segmentation Tools: Network segmentation involves dividing the network into multiple segments. This limits access to sensitive information and provides an additional layer of security. It restricts an attacker’s ability to move laterally across the network if they gain unauthorized access, safeguarding critical rolling stock systems.
• Firewalls: Firewalls monitor and control incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules. They provide a barrier between a trusted network (e.g., the internal network of a train company) and untrusted networks (e.g., the Internet), protecting rolling stock data and control systems from external threats.
• Encryption Technology: Encryption technologies protect information by converting it into an unreadable format. They play a critical role in safeguarding sensitive data, including control and command signals for rolling stock, from interception and unauthorized access during transmission.
• Mobile Device Management (MDM) Software: MDM solutions manage the security of company-owned mobile devices used by employees, including those working on or with rolling stock. They can enforce security policies, lock or wipe lost or stolen devices, and control which apps are installed, thus reducing the risk of a security breach that could affect train operations.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, ensuring the cyber security of rolling stock is a crucial obligation for all train companies. Compliance with regulatory standards such as ISA/IEC 62443, BS EN 50159:2010 +A1:2020, and the best practices set by ENISA is paramount for both legal operation and reputation maintenance.

Adopting cyber risk management practices such as risk management governance, risk assessment and treatment, awareness and training, incident management, and including cyber security requirements in supplier contracts forms the backbone of a robust cyber security posture.

Investment in the latest technological tools, including Intrusion Detection Systems, Security Information and Event Management, Network Segmentation Tools, Firewalls, Encryption Technology, and Mobile Device Management Software, provides a much-needed shield against potential cyber threats.

Continuing to be aware of the evolving cyber threat landscape and remaining compliant with the emerging regulations will ensure a safer journey for passengers and a stronger defense against potential cyber threats.

For more information or support with your fleet cyber security, visit our homepage.

References

1. International Society of Automation (ISA). (2020). ISA/IEC 62443 Cybersecurity Standards. Retrieved from https://www.isa.org/isa62443standards
2. The European Union Agency for Cybersecurity (ENISA). (2019). Cybersecurity in Railways. Retrieved from https://www.enisa.europa.eu/publications/cybersecurity-in-railways
3. British Standards Institution (BSI). (2020). BS EN 50159:2010 +A1:2020. Railway applications. Communication, signalling and processing systems. Safety-related communication in transmission systems. Retrieved from https://shop.bsigroup.com/ProductDetail?pid=000000000030364203
4. Cybersecurity & Infrastructure Security Agency (CISA). (2020). Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). Retrieved from https://www.cisa.gov/publication/intrusion-detection-systems-ids
5. IBM Security. (2019). What is Security Information and Event Management (SIEM)?. Retrieved from https://www.ibm.com/security/security-intelligence-and-analytics
6. Cisco Systems. (2020). Network Segmentation. Retrieved from https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/security/what-is-network-segmentation.html
7. Palo Alto Networks. (2019). What is a Firewall? Retrieved from https://www.paloaltonetworks.com/cyberpedia/what-is-a-firewall
8. GlobalSign. (2020). What is Encryption? Retrieved from https://www.globalsign.com/en/encryption-explained/
9. MobileIron. (2019). What is Mobile Device Management (MDM)?. Retrieved from https://www.mobileiron.com/en/solutions/mobile-device-management-mdm